知母知 母Zhimu
出 处《神农本草经》
中药材学名Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
别 名连母、水须、穿地龙、虫氏母、地参
类 别清热泻火药
来 源该品为单子叶植物百合科Liliaceae 知母 Anemarrhena asphodeloidesBge. 的干燥根茎。
主 产河北、安徽亳州、山西、内蒙、陕西及东北等地。
采 收春、秋二季采挖,除去须及泥沙,晒干,习称“毛知母”。或除去外皮,晒干。切片入药,生用,或盐水炙用。
药 性苦、甘,寒。归肺、胃、肾经。
功 效清热泻火,生津润燥。清热泻火,生津润燥。用于外感热病,高热烦渴,肺热燥咳,骨蒸潮热,内热消渴,肠燥便秘。
鉴别用药石膏、知母均能清热泻火,可用治温热病气分热盛及肺热咳嗽等证。但石膏泻火之中长于清热,重在清泻肺胃实火,肺热喘咳、胃火头痛牙痛多用石膏;知母泻火之中长于清润,肺热燥咳、内热骨蒸、消渴多选知母
【主治】
1.用于温病,邪在气分,高热、烦渴的气分实热证,有泻火除烦的作用,与石膏、竹叶配伍有协同之效。
2.用于治疗肺热咳嗽或阴虚燥咳,有清泄肺火,滋阴润肺之效。常与贝母同用以增强清肺润燥之功,如《医方集解》二母散。
3.用于阴虚火旺,骨蒸潮热,盗汗者,有滋阴降火的作用,常与黄柏相须为用。
4.既能清泄肺胃之火,又能滋养肺肾之阴,故宜用于阴虚消渴,症见口渴、饮多、尿多者,同山药、五味子等配合使用可增强疗效,如玉液汤。
1.性能:苦、甘、寒。归肺、胃、肾经。
2.功效与应用:
①清热泻火――外治外感热病,高热烦渴,内治肺热咳嗽,胃热消渴。
②生津润燥――肺燥咳嗽;肠燥便秘;骨蒸潮热。
3.【用法用量】:煎服,6~12克。
4.【使用注意】:该品性寒质润,有润肠作用,故脾虚便溏者不宜用。常与石膏配伍。
5. 【鉴别用药】:石膏和知母均能清热泻火,可用治疗温热病气分热盛以及肺热咳嗽等证,但是石膏长于清解中清泻火热,重在清泻肺、胃实火,肺热咳喘、胃火头痛牙痛多用石膏;知母泻火中长于清润,肺热燥咳、内热骨蒸、消渴多选知母。
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